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9 February 1904 and grounded in the harbour entrance when she attempted to take refuge inside, as her draft had significantly deepened from the amount of water she had taken aboard after the torpedo hit. The Japanese raised and repaired Retvizan after Port Arthur surrendered in January 1905. Based in Sasebo when the Japanese declared war on Germany in 1914, the ship was sent to reinforce the weak British squadron off British Columbia, but diverted to Hawaii after reports of a German gunboat there. Tsar Nicholas II had desired a warm-water port on the Pacific since his accession to the throne in 1894. Russian shipyards were already at maximum capacity so the Naval Ministry decided to order ships from abroad. Cramp’s contacts kept him informed of the Russians’ intentions and he sailed to Saint Petersburg to offer his services and design expertise in March 1898. Initially Cramp offered American designs to the Russians, including an updated version of USS Iowa as it was a relatively close match for the Russian specification, but the Russians preferred their own designs.